温度对序批式反应器性能及微生物群落的影响*

doi:10.7523/j.ucas. 2025.054

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究设计并运行两个序批式反应器（SBR）,分别为A和B反应器,以探讨温度变化对活性污泥系统性能及微生物群落的影响。A反应器运行206天,设置A1（20 ℃）、A2（15 ℃）、A3（10 ℃）、A4（5 ℃）和A5（5-35 ℃周期振荡,每3天变化一次）5个阶段;B反应器运行146天,主要考察高温条件的影响。运行期间定期监测污泥特性、水质指标及病毒数量,并结合宏基因组学分析细菌群落结构及代谢功能变化。结果表明：1）温度变化影响污泥理化性质及污染物去除效果。A反应器在15℃时混合液悬浮固体（MLSS）增加,5℃时降低并发生膨胀;B反应器在高温下MLSS持续下降。两反应器COD和氨氮去除率均>95%,但TN去除率存在差异（A：51.9%~81.6%,B：69%~80.7%）,A反应器TP去除率在温度波动阶段波动,而B反应器最终TP去除率降为0;2）温度变化幅度影响病毒数量：A反应器在幅度较小时变化平缓,幅度较大时下降明显;B反应器在高温阶段病毒数量亦下降;3）温度变化导致细菌群落与功能基因丰度变化。核心菌群为Pseudomonadota、Actinomycetota和Bacteroidota（总相对丰度>50%）。脱氮基因nirS丰度较稳定,与较高TN去除率相对应;nirK基因对高温敏感。磷代谢基因ppk1和ppk2丰度下降与TP去除率波动或失效相关。研究揭示了温度变化对活性污泥系统微生物群落及代谢功能的影响,为极端温度下污水处理的稳定运行提供参考。

关键词: 温度, SBR反应器, 宏基因组, 病毒计数

Abstract: This study designed and operated two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), denoted as reactors A and B, to investigate the effects of temperature variation on the performance and microbial community of activated sludge systems. Reactor A was operated for 206 days under five temperature stages: A1 (20 ℃), A2 (15 ℃), A3 (10 ℃), A4 (5 ℃), and A5 (cyclic oscillation between 5-35 ℃, changing every 3 days). Reactor B was operated for 146 days to examine the effects of elevated temperatures. During operation, sludge characteristics, water quality parameters, and viral abundances were regularly monitored, and metagenomic analyses were performed to assess changes in bacterial community structure and metabolic functions.Results showed that (1) temperature significantly influenced sludge physicochemical properties and pollutant removal efficiency. In reactor A, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) increased at 15 ℃ but decreased and exhibited sludge bulking at 5 ℃, while MLSS in reactor B continuously declined under high temperatures. Both reactors maintained high COD and ammonia removal efficiencies (>95%), but total nitrogen (TN) removal rates differed (A: 51.9~81.6%; B: 69~80.7%). The total phosphorus (TP) removal in reactor A fluctuated during temperature oscillations, whereas TP removal in reactor B eventually dropped to zero. (2) The amplitude of temperature fluctuation affected viral abundance: minor variations caused slight changes, whereas large fluctuations led to marked declines; similarly, viral abundance decreased in reactor B under high temperatures. (3) Temperature shifts altered bacterial community composition and functional gene abundances. The core taxa were Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacteroidota (combined relative abundance > 50%). The denitrification gene nirS remained relatively stable and corresponded with consistently high TN removal efficiency, whereas nirK was more sensitive to heat stress. Decreases in the phosphorus metabolism genes ppk1 and ppk2 were associated with fluctuations or failures in TP removal.This study elucidates the impacts of temperature variation on microbial community dynamics and metabolic functions in activated sludge systems, providing insights for maintaining stable wastewater treatment performance under extreme temperature conditions.

Key words: temperature, SBR reactor, metagenome, virus counts

中图分类号:

X172

曹冰, 李宗, 郭潇潇, 郭秋翠, 刘冰鑫, 常占坤, 刘新春. 温度对序批式反应器性能及微生物群落的影响^*[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas. 2025.054.

CAO Bing, LI Zong, GUO Xiaoxiao, GUO Qiucui, LIU Bingxin, CHANG Zhankun, LIU Xinchun. Effect of temperature variation on the performance and microbial community of SBR reactor[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas. 2025.054.

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温度对序批式反应器性能及微生物群落的影响^*

Effect of temperature variation on the performance and microbial community of SBR reactor

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